表面等离子共振技术在中医药研究中应用进展

利用表面等离子共振现象制备的生物传感技术具有无标记、灵敏度高、通量大、特异性强，样品耗损少等优点，在生命科学等众多学科中得到了广泛的关注和应用。近年来该技术也被运用在不少中医药研究的重要领域。本文简要介绍了表面等离子共振原理，总结并评述了在中医药新靶标发现、优效小分子寻找等方向的研究进展和前景。     

“扎根理论”于温病学科建设的研究思路及理论价值探析

分析温病学术理论发展与温病学教学、临床应用现状,认为有关温病文献研究可从深度与广度进行再拓展、再挖掘。介绍"扎根理论"研究方法,结合温病学科学术性质及特点,探讨"扎根理论"在该学科学术理论建设中可行的研究模式与研究思路,剖析该研究对于温病学科学术建设的理论价值及应用前景。同时,基于"扎根理论"研究难点,提出研究过程中需注意的问题。     

高龄老年骨折患者手法固定后使用补气活血方的临床价值研究

目的:研究高龄老年骨折患者手法固定后使用补气活血方的临床价值。方法:纳入我院2017年1-12月收治的骨折患者共100例为研究对象,按照住院号单双数分组法分为观察组与对照组各50例,对照组实施手法固定后使用常规药物干预,观察组在对照组治疗方案基础上给予补气活血方,对比不同药物方案对患者骨折愈合时间、C反应蛋白(C-reactive Protein,CRP)及红细胞沉降率(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate,ESR)水平、疼痛评分差异。结果:①两组治疗前CRP、ESR、白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-6及肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α)水平无统计差异(P>0.05),治疗后观察组患者指标水平优于对照组(P<0.05);②两组患者的疼痛评分治疗前无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后疼痛评分均下降,但观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且观察组的骨折愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对高龄老年骨折患者使用手法固定联合补气活血方口服能够改善患者的骨折康复效果。     

基于文献分析多囊卵巢综合征的中医证型分布及用药规律

目的:通过文献探析中医治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的证型分布及临床用药规律。方法:检索2003年至2018年1月1日中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方、维普3个中文数据库中相关中医治疗PCOS的临床研究文献,建立中医治疗PCOS的整体证型及临床用药数据库,并对数据进行处理、分析。结果:①共纳入符合标准的文献252篇,方剂284首;②涉及证型共37种,其中常见证型为肾虚血瘀证、痰湿证、肾虚痰瘀证,共占43.31%;③涉及病位要素以肾为主,其次为肝、脾;涉及病性要素以血瘀、痰、湿为主;④涉及药物193味,按功效共分为16类,补虚药占41.44%,活血化瘀药占16.20%,化痰祛湿药占14.90%;⑤中医治疗PCOS药性以温、平为主,药味以甘为主,辛、苦次之。结论:PCOS病因病机复杂,以肾虚为本,血瘀、痰湿为标,治疗以补肾活血、化湿祛痰为主。     

Strategies to improve research capacity across European general practice: The views of members of EGPRN and Wonca Europe

Background: The effectiveness of any national healthcare system is highly correlated with the strength of primary care within that system. A strong research basis is essential for a firm and vibrant primary care system. General practitioners (GPs) are at the centre of most primary care systems.

Objectives: To inform on actions required to increase research capacity in general practice, particularly in low capacity countries, we collected information from the members of the European General Practice Research Network (EGPRN) and the European World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca).

Methods: A qualitative design including eight semi-structured interviews and two discursive workshops were undertaken with members of EGPRN and Wonca Europe. Appreciative inquiry methods were utilized. Krueger’s (1994) framework analysis approach was used to analyse the data.

Results: Research performance in general practice requires improvements in the following areas: visibility of research; knowledge acquisition; mentoring and exchange; networking and research networks; collaboration with industry, authorities and other stakeholders. Research capacity building (RCB) strategies need to be both flexible and financially supported. Leadership and collaboration are crucial.

Conclusion: Members of the GP research community see the clear need for both national and international primary care research networks to facilitate appropriate RCB interventions. These interventions should be multifaceted, responding to needs at different levels and tailored to the context where they are to be implemented.     

Antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes in biofilms in clinical wastewater networks

Increasing isolation rates of resistant bacteria in the last years require identification of potential infection reservoirs in healthcare facilities. Especially the clinical wastewater network represents a potential source of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this work, the siphons of the sanitary installations from 18 hospital rooms of two German hospitals were examined for antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues including siphons of showers and washbasins and toilets in sanitary units of psychosomatic, haemato-oncological, and rehabilitation wards. In addition, in seven rooms of the haemato-oncological ward, the effect of 24 h of stagnation on the antibiotic concentrations and MDR (multi-drug-resistant) bacteria in biofilms was evaluated. Whereas no antibiotic residues were found in the psychosomatic ward, potential selective concentrations of piperacillin, meropenem and ciprofloxacin were detected at a rehabilitation ward and ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim were present at a haemato-oncology ward. Antibiotic resistant bacteria were isolated from the siphons of all wards, however in the psychosomatic ward, only one MDR strain with resistance to piperacillin, third generation cephalosporins and quinolones (3MRGN) was detected. In contrast, the other two wards yielded 11 carbapenemase producing MDR isolates and 15 3MRGN strains. The isolates from the haemato-oncological ward belonged mostly to two specific rare sequence types (ST) (P. aeruginosa ST823 and Enterobacter cloacae complex ST167). In conclusion, clinical wastewater systems represent a reservoir for multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Consequently, preventive and intervention measures should not start at the wastewater treatment in the treatment plant, but already in the immediate surroundings of the patient, in order to minimize the infection potential.     

中医健康状态辨识模式的研究现状与展望

健康状态的辨识是把握健康的前提。当前学界已存在专家辨识模式、标准辨识模式、数字辨识模式、智能辨识模式以及微观辨识模式等。联合多种辨识方法,构建健康状态辨识体系,形成常态与动态结合、主观与客观结合、人机互参的中医健康状态个体化辨识方法是研究的趋势所在。文章对未来的研究方向进行展望,探讨了多元辨识模式、远程辨识模式、终身辨识模式、自动辨识模式的思路方法,以期促进全民健康事业,助力"健康中国"战略。     

综合强制性训练、常规训练在脑卒中患者康复治疗中的应用效果及其对肢体功能恢复水平的影响

目的 分析综合强制性训练及常规训练方式在脑卒中患者康复治疗中的应用效果以及对患者肢体功能恢复的影响。方法 选择2018 年1 月～2020 年1 月于本院治疗的脑卒中患者438 例，按照患者采用训练方式的不同将其分为观察组（综合强制性训练以及常规训练）和对照组（常规训练），每组各219 例，观察两组患者训练后的临床疗效、SIAS（Scale of Assessment Methods for Stroke Damage）评分、MBI 评分（Questionnaire for mild behavioural disorders）、SDS 评分（Self-rating axiety scale）、SAS（Sleep apenea syndorome）评分、并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者的临床疗效为90.0%，明显高于对照组患者的70.0%。观察组患者SIAS 评分为（85.6±3.6）分、MBI 评分为（91.3±2.1）分、SDS 评分为（92.7±3.8）分、SAS 评分为（91.3±1.3）分，明显高于对照组SIAS 评分[（69.5±3.4）分、MBI评分（81.2±2.2）分、SDS 评分（81.2±3.3）分、SAS 评分（81.3±1.3）分]；观察组患者出现肺炎、脱水、腹泻总发生率为10.0%，明显低于对照组患者的30.0%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在脑卒中患者康复治疗中应用综合强制性训练联合常规训练的方式，可有效提高患者的治疗疗效，改善患者日常生活指标，提高患者肢体功能，降低患者治疗期间并发症发生的可能性。     

中药口服对经内镜摘除后大肠腺瘤 防治作用的Meta分析

目的：评价中药口服对经内镜摘除后大肠腺瘤的防治作用。方法：搜索Pubmed、Embase、Web of science、CBM、万方数据库、中国知网、维普数据库、Cochrane Library中关于中医药防治大肠腺瘤息肉术后的临床随机对照实验的文献。对纳入文献进行筛选、提取，评估，运用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入13篇文献，1 103例患者，以临床有效率为观察指标的有5篇，异质性检验Chi2=0.67、df=4（P=0.96)、I2=0%，使用固定效应模型统计OR=3.56，95%CI：［2.03,6.23］,Z=4.45（P<0.000 01），观察组优于对照组，2组临床疗效差异有统计学意义。以半年复发率为观察指标的有10篇，异质性检验Chi2=9.26、df=9（P=0.41)、I2=3%，使用固定效应模型合并统计量OR=3.29，95%CI：［2.30,4.69］,Z=6.54（P<0.000 01），观察组复发率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义；以1年复发率为观察指标的有7篇，异质性检验Chi2=6.01、df=6（P=0.42)、I2=3%，使用固定效应模型合并统计量OR=4.21，95%CI：［2.88,6.16］,Z=7.41（P<0.000 01），观察组复发率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义。结论：中药口服对降低内镜下切除大肠腺瘤复发率有效，同时改善术后腹痛腹泻症状，以参苓白术散加减为代表的健脾方药具有良好的临床疗效。     

首荟通便胶囊预防肝胆胰恶性肿瘤化疗后便秘的疗效观察

目的:探讨首荟通便胶囊预防肝胆胰恶性肿瘤化疗后便秘的临床疗效。方法:选取2016年8月至2018年8月河北医科大学第二医院肝胆外科收治的老年肝胆胰恶性肿瘤化疗患者80例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组口服乳果糖口服液,观察组在对照组基础上加服首荟通便胶囊。治疗14 d后,比较2组的临床疗效。结果:中医病症临床疗效观察,对照组总有效率达到75%;观察组,总有效率达到90%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临床症状评分观察,对照组总有效率达到77.5%;观察组总有效率达到92.5%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。排便评分(VAS评分)观察,治疗后对照组排便间隔时间和每次排便时间均长于观察组,2组VAS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:首荟通便胶囊可以有效预防肝胆胰恶性肿瘤化疗后的便秘,有效缓解患者排便疼痛程度,减少排便时间,效果显著,值得临床推广。